After the death of Sophia Albertine, she took over the protection of this organization, as she would do for the charity organizations of Queen Désirée and her daughter-in-law Queen Louise after their deaths. (Swedish) page 161, Robert Braun (1950). (Swedish) page 192, Robert Braun (1950). She supported Austria against Prussia, whose expansionism the feared. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. The oldest of seven children, Joséphine spent the first years of her childhood in Milan, where the family lived at Villa Bonaparte. In addition to French, she was fluent in German and Italian. This had happened during the same time when negotiations were being conducted to marry Charles to Louise of Prussia in 1846. The History – or histories – of a family) Stockholm: Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. At the time of their accession to the throne, Joséphine’s role was described by feminist reformer Fredrika Bremer, who said that the new Queen “prefers to act out of her own pulse and will. (Swedish) page 237, Robert Braun (1950). Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window). On the way, she visited Paris and saw the King and Queen of Spain in Escorial. (The Silver Throne. She is acknowledged as having introduced more liberal laws regarding religion. She was also Princess of Bologna from birth and Duchess of Galliera from 1813. She had a long history of contact with the Pope regarding her Catholic work in Scandinavia, and the Pope had in 1852 contemplated awarding her the Golden Rose, but refrained because he was afraid that this would be ill perceived in a Protestant country. I thank and praise God for it..." [38]. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. At birth, she was given the title 'Princess of Bologna' by Napoleon, and later she was also made Duchess of Galliera. Numerous pieces of the family's jewelry are said to have come from Joséphine's collections. In her library, there were works about early Christian socialism, which appear to have been thoroughly read. In the summer of 1876, Joséphine fell in with pneumonia and passed away on 7 June. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. Her last words were: "I am going home now. Artist Fritz von Dardel said the following about her during a ball: “As for the Crown Princess, she was beautiful and dignified, perhaps too thin but very intelligent and quite delightful to all. The royal family was, according to Count Löwenhielm, pale and seriously worried when he visited them at the time. During the war, she informed her aunt that Sweden had decided to assist Denmark against Prussia to defend its independence, and that she hoped that Prussia would be willing to engage in peace negotiations. She also expressed dislike of the annexation of the Papal States, and called 1870 a terrible year. Her only daughter, Princess Eugenie, was a talented painter and Joséphine encouraged her interests. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone) (14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was the Queen consort of King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway.She was known as Queen Josefina, and was regarded as a politically active consort.. Background. (The Silver Throne. Josephine kept informed about the political events, though she could no longer affect them. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone de Beauharnais; 14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I, as well as Princess of Bologna from birth and Duchess of Galliera from 1813. (The Silver Throne. Josephine of Leuchtenberg. There had been some opposition: the religious debate was more heated in the 1840s than it had been in 1829, when Queen Desideria had been crowned, but Oscar solved the matter by declaring that he would not be crowned himself if she was not. Josephine Of Leuchtenberg is straight. From 1851, she supported the first female Catholic order to be active in Sweden since the reformation, when the nuns of the Filles du Coer de Marie established themselves in Stockholm to take care of the Catholic children’s schooling. [17] During her later years as Crown Princess, this situation, which contributed to a conflict between the monarch and the Crown Prince, introduced Josephine to politics as she became active as a mediator between her spouse and her father-in-law. Although her father never became heir to the imperial throne, he did command the Army of Italy and served as Viceroy of Italy for his step-father. Jul 27, 2015 - Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone) (14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I. (Swedish) page 195, Robert Braun (1950). * Joséphine of Leuchtenberg (born March 14, 1807), daughter of Eugene, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg and Augusta of Bavaria, and granddaughter of the Empress Josephine. Queen Josephine was admired for her selfless nursing of him the two years he was ill before his death. Biography Background. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone de Beauharnais; 14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I. One set, the family's parure of cameo jewels, is often specifically said to have been worn by Joséphine. Privately, she is known to have tried to influence her mother-in-law to be more than a Catholic in name only: in 1844, her confessor stated that she had managed to convince her mother-in-law to attend confession for the first time in fifty years. Josephine of Leuchtenberg Josephine of Leuchtenberg. (The Silver Throne. Her interest in art was active and genuine. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. Photograph of Josephine of Leuchtenberg as Queen Dowager (1874) Joséphine of Leuchtenberg ( Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone ) (14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I . The King treated her with great affection and, for example, used to hide sweets in his pockets, which she searched through and, at one occasion, found a jewel hidden in a sweet. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg was born Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone on 14 March 1807 in Milan, Italy. After Oscar ascended to the throne, he discontinued extramarital affairs. [31] Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Désirée Clary Diary of a Princess – Joséphine of Leuchtenberg March 27, 2018 Moniek 0. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. [36] She reportedly suffered when her cousin Napoleon III of France was dethroned in 1870. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. As such, she maintained a certain degree of political power as she served as an adviser to her husband. In 1812, they received a visit from the former Empress Joséphine. Princess Joséphine married the Crown Prince by proxy at the Palais Leuchtenberg in Munich on 22 May 1823. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. The Pope had given his consent to this. Charles XIV John had chosen Josephine of Leuchtenberg as candidate number two, because she had connections both to the old dynasties of Europe through her mother, and to the House of Bonaparte through her father, and thus, she "joined the new interests with the old", as he expressed the matter. Her childhood is described as happy. They arrived in Manilla outside Stockholm 13 June 1823, where they were welcomed by King Charles XIV John, Crown Prince Oscar, military salutes and great crowds, and escorted to Haga Palace, where Josephine was embraced by Princess Sophia Albertina, Abbess of Quedlinburg. Granted, I have not heard this from court, but I believe it to be the truth. She was also Princess of Bologna from birth and Duchess of Galliera from 1813. (The Silver Throne. She is guarding him, not as an angel of mercy, not as a slave of duty, a martyr - no, as a virago, concerned only for her reign. (Bernadotte. Not interested? In 1844, a Swede married a Catholic woman and converted, and her confessor Studach was accused of having converted a Swede to Catholicism. In Sweden, the law of 1781, Toleransediktet, declared freedom of religion for foreigners and immigrants, and Joséphine, as well as her mother-in-law Désirée, could be regarded as such. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. [19], Josephine had her own Catholic chapel at the Royal Palace. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. She was 69 years old when she died. Six days after her arrival in Sweden, her middle name 'Napoléonne' was removed. In her correspondence with her aunt, the Prussian queen Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, it is evident that she actively negotiated for peace in the First Schleswig War of 1848. (The Silver Throne. In the summer of 1824, the Crown Prince and Crown Princess visited Christiania in Norway, where they engaged in many public appearances to make the monarchy popular. [39] 3 June 1875, Josephine was given communion by the Pope followed by a public dinner, alongside her niece Princess Mathilde Viano and her maid of honor Rosalie Muffat, who was the first non-royal woman to have done both. In 1844, Josephine became Queen of Sweden and Norway at the accession of her spouse. I am very happy."[41]. The official reason was that the ceremony was unnecessary, as the queen had no position in the Norwegian constitution, but it is acknowledged that the real reason was her religion: Queen Desideria had in fact not been crowned in Norway either. (Swedish) page 93, Robert Braun (1950). She was 69. [34] Queen Dowager Josephine was known for acting as nurse during illness in the family, and her relationship with Charles improved in his last years, when his health deteriorated and he became a Freemason and thereafter saw less differences in Catholicism and Protestantism. [35] She regarded this as a doctrine which would in high degree repulse the Catholic church in the eyes of the Protestant world. Crown Prince Oscar declined marriage to a Danish Princess, but expressed his interest in the Princess of Leuchtenberg after his first meeting with Joséphine on 23 August 1822 in Eichstätt. Candidate number one, Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark, did not succeed in catching the Prince’s interest. She was regarded as politically active during the reign of her spouse and acted as his political adviser, actively participating in government affairs. In 1859, Oscar died, thereby making Josephine queen dowager. I began this website in 2013 because I wanted to share these women's amazing stories. Consequently, her father lost his position of power in Italy, and the family was forced to leave the country. In 1813, her father Eugène turned down the offer from his father-in-law to join the forces against Napoleon. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg was born Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone on 14 March 1807 in Milan, Italy. Granted, I have not heard this from court, but I believe it to be the truth. This caused rumors that she was afraid to lose her political position. Their private conferences were witnessed by the curious court, who could sometimes observe them discussing the matter in the palace garden out of hearing range. Already as a Crown Princess, she received petitioners asking for help twice a week, and her activity expanded over the years. In 1836, she received a visit from her mother and her brother and two sisters. [30] The female converts, who emigrated to Lyon in France, returned to Sweden after the introduction of freedom of religion. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. The royal couple had a seemingly happy relationship as they became parents to a total of five children, but Oscar’s extramarital affairs throughout their marriage deeply affected Joséphine. Marie Anne Henriette Françoise de Pyvart de Chastullé, Lars Elgklou (1978). (Swedish) 297, Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Sällskapet för uppmuntran av öm och sedlig modersvård, François de Beauharnais, marquis de la Ferté-Beauharnais, Eugène de Beauharnais, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg, Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach, Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg. Historien – eller historier – om en familj. She is acknowledged as having introduced more liberal laws regarding religion. [13] Her husband's relationship with the famed actress Emilie Högquist was well known. At the time Josephine became queen, Fredrika Bremer wrote of her, that she: "... prefers to act out of her own pulse and will. 16 September 1837, the Sankta Eugenia Church in Stockholm was founded in her presence, the effort of her and Studach’s work: this was the first Catholic church in Scandinavia since the Reformation, and became the first apostolic vicariate in Scandanvia: Norway was incorporated in 1841. Among other things, it did not have a proper church building, and she felt that the current Catholic priest, Jean Baptiste Gridaine, who was also the confessor of her mother-in-law, damaged the reputation of the Catholics because of it. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter and join our 5,646 subscribers to stay up to date on History of Royal Women's articles! Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. She was described as charming, beautiful and dignified, and she was also regarded as gifted: she impressed by being able to speak the Swedish language almost fluently at her arrival. Out of the two royal spouses, she is, without question, believed to be the stronger character.”3. In 1817, three years after Josephine's death, Eugène's father-in-law granted him the title of Duke of Leuchtenberg. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. [29] The six female converts were put on trial in 1858, after which they were banished and had their property was confiscated. [24] Eventually, however, the riots were subdued with fire by the military. The Year of the Duchess of Windsor (2021), Burial places of the Queens and Consorts of England, Burial places of the Queens Consort of France, Burial places of the Queens and Consorts of Portugal, Burial Places of the Queens and Consorts of Spain, Carolina of Orange-Nassau – Ancestress of the Royal Houses of Europe, Queen Wilhelmina – A collection of articles. She supported the career of the painter (and Catholic convert) Sofia Adlersparre, and also encouraged the artistic interest and talent of her own daughter, Princess Eugenie, who became a talented amateur artist. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone) (14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I. Josephine (1807-1876), in Swedish Josefina, was a Princess of Leuchtenberg and by marriage became Queen of Sweden and Norway. Josephine was interested in gardening and painting. [2] Charles XIV John had chosen Josephine of Leuchtenberg as candidate number two, because she had connections both to the old dynasties of Europe through her mother, and to the House of Bonaparte through her father, and thus, she "joined the new interests with the old", as he expressed the matter.[3]. She was known as Queen Josefina, and was regarded as a politically active consort. (The Silver Throne. [37] The Pope however appointed Johann Georg Huber. At a ball in 1838 Fritz von Dardel described her: "As for the Crown Princess, she was beautiful and dignified, perhaps too thin but very intelligent and quite delightful toward all. Perhaps the most well-known of Oscar’s relationships was the one he had with famed actress Emilie Högquist. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. The situation in Norway was similar. Josephine was a social success in Sweden from the moment of her arrival, both as a private person in the circles of high society as well as a public person, and was to become more popular as Queen than her predecessor and successor. Her religion combined with her reputed political activity caused rumours that she exerted undue influence in regards to religious issues. Ekdahl preached during this time, that as there had been no tolerance for Queen Christina of Sweden, who had been a Swede and a queen regnant and converted to Catholicism: "...so much less would it be for a foreign Queen, who entered the nation by marriage". Upon the death of Gridaine in 1833, he was replaced by her own confessor Studach. (The Silver Throne. [4] Although she was a devout Catholic, she agreed to raise her children in the Lutheran religion. It is confirmed that, when a crisis occurred, the king and the queen withdrew in private to discuss the matter before the king made a decision. She had brought with her several pieces of exclusive jewelry made in Paris for her paternal grandmother, which are still among the possessions of the Royal Houses of Sweden, Denmark and Norway (via Louise and Märtha of Sweden). She greatly influenced the interior of the Royal Palace in Christiania, which was completed in 1849, took an interest in Norwegian art and often visited art exhibitions in Christiania. After this, they made a trip through Sweden to present her to the public. Upon the death of Jacob Lorenz Studach in 1873, Josephine negotiated with the Pope about who would be the most suitable replacement for missionary Bishop of the Catholic Church in Scandinavia. [11] In 1832, a year after the birth of her last child, she wrote in her diary about the contemporary view that a woman was expected to endure a husband's extramarital affairs: A woman should suffer in silence, and that she found this contemporary view unjust. Joséphine received a good education with classes in History, Mathematics, and Geography. In 1853-54, Swedish Lutherans were given the permission to attend Catholic sermons.[26]. [22] [9] Oscar and Josephine had five children, of whom two were to become kings of Sweden and Norway. Her diary from this time is an excellent source, and in it, she describes in detail the hopeless situation in which she found herself. My name is Moniek and I am from the Netherlands. A Book about Queen Josefine of Sweden-Norway) Stockholm: Norlin Förlag AB. Her paternal grandmother and namesake was Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, the first wife of Napoleon: she was given the name 'Joséphine' by Napoleon's request. She returned to Sweden two days after the death of Charles. Through her mother (her maternal line of Hesse and upward through Hanau and Ansbach, Baden-Durlach and Kleeburg), Joséphine was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, making her children descendants of Gustav Vasa. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, the nation's reigning monarch, is a direct descendant of Empress Joséphine through her son, the Duke of Leuchtenberg. (Swedish) page 282, Robert Braun (1950). [10] Oscar was to resume his contact with Jaquette Löwenhielm after the wedding, though Josephine is initially not believed to have been aware of this: however, in 1826, she gave the first signs of being aware of his affairs in her diary, and in 1828, she wrote of painful suspicions of adultery and also that it pained her to be constantly pregnant. At her arrival in Sweden, she formed a close relationship with Princess Sophia Albertine of Sweden, who introduced her to this work by engaging her in Välgörande Fruntimmerssällskapet (The Charitable Women's Society) for the support of poor women. During this time, there is a known occasion, which attracted attention. (The Silver Throne. The degree of her political influence during the reign of Oscar is debated. (The Silver Throne. The first such celebration took place that day at Drottningholm Palace, and Josephine Day was celebrated in Sweden for decades after that: it became a tradition for the public in Stockholm to travel to Drottningholm Palace at that day, where festivities had been arranged for them, and cheer for Josephine, who greeted them from a balcony. Her relationship with her mother-in-law, however, was somewhat tense during the first years, as Queen Désirée reportedly felt neglected by her spouse, and that her place as a Queen was overshadowed by Josephine's popularity. (The Silver Throne. [25] Josephine is believed to have been behind several laws regarding the religious policies. Holy Synod to meet this summer to discuss Yekaterinburg remains. In Norway, there was opposition to the coronation of a Catholic; the official reason was […] She invited the son of Napoleon III to Sweden, though he did not accept the invitation. They returned to Bavaria, the native land of Joséphine’s mother, and her father was given the title Duke of Leuchtenberg. This was a crime according to the Konventikelplakatet and became a scandal. Josephine of Leuchtenberg is the 92nd most popular companion (up from 99th in 2019), the 514th most popular biography from Italy (up from 543rd in 2019) and the 7th most popular Italian Companion. The 22 May 1875 she reached Rome after Berlin, Munich and Innsbruck, and received the King of Italy and was guided by him through town. (The Silver Throne. Joséphine’s father was the adopted child and step-son of Napoleon I. She reportedly appreciated the Norwegian nature as it reminded her of Bavaria. Rebels on the streets demanded a Republic and tried to cause an armed rebellion. [7] The 21 August 1823, Charles XIV John declared that this day, the same date he had been elected Crown Prince, should be the name day for Josephine, and henceforth be celebrated as Josephine-Day. Her father was a Italian general. A little later, Joséphine and her siblings joined their mother in the fortress at Mantua in a procession of carriages with their courtiers. Property Value; dbo:abstract Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone * 14. Joséphine loved art, culture, gardening, and painting. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone) (14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I.She was known as Queen Josefina, and was regarded to be politically active during the reign of her spouse.She acted as his political adviser and actively participated in state affairs. The marriage of his son and heir to the throne, Crown Prince Oscar, was the solution to this problem, and in 1822, he finally forced his son to agree to marry and to make a trip to Europe to inspect a list of potential candidates for the position of Crown Princess and Queen. The King and the Queen showed themselves to the public in the capital in their carriage. The bride-to-be began taking Swedish lessons, and although she was a devout Catholic, she agreed to raise her future children according to the Lutheran religion. Her father was given the title Duke of Leuchtenberg and the former principality of Eichstätt in Bavaria as a fief. She traveled incognito under the name 'Countess of Tullgarn' and in the company of only four courtiers. The title was first created in 1812 by Napoleon I for Josephine of Leuchtenberg, daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais (and granddaughter of Napoleon's first wife, Josephine). Oscar became unpopular because of it, and King Charles XIV John reprimanded him for it out of sympathy for Josephine's suffering. Josephine, who was at the time working to introduce freedom of religion, asked Oscar to convince the minister of religion to postpone the investigation against the women. She attended mass there herself on Sundays. On 13 June 1873, Josephine celebrated what has been called the second biggest celebration of her life, when she received the public's adoration during the celebration of her fifty years in Sweden. In her retinue, she brought with her Bertha Zück, who she made her treasurer, and her Catholic confessor Jacob Lorentz Studach: until their death, they enjoyed such a close relationship that they were referred to as "The Trio". She had a tense relationship with her eldest son. They also conducted a wedding ceremony in person on 19 June 1823 in Stockholm, Sweden. Subscribe to our free weekly newsletter and join our 5,646 subscribers to stay up to date on History of Royal Women's articles! Josephine of Leuchtenberg : biography 14 March 1807 – 7 June 1876 Queen In 1844, Josephine became Queen of Sweden and Norway at the accession of her spouse. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. Her parents were French general Eugène de Beauharnais and Princess Augusta of Bavaria. [33] Her relationship with Queen Louise has been described as very good. Simply click 'close' in the top right corner to continue reading! [15] Josephine described the years of Oscar's relationship with Emilie Högquist as a walk "through fire". Her relationship to her father-in-law was very warm. (Swedish), Natalie, Baroness Vladimir Meller-Zakomelsky**, Marie, Countess Nikolai Mengden-Altenwoga**, Maria Magdalen, Mrs. Joseph de Pasquale**, This page was last edited on 9 March 2021, at 10:31. She brought a Catholic priest, and regularly attended mass and confession in her private Catholic chapel. Silvertronen, En bok om drottning Josefine av Sverige-Norge. She had two brothers (Auguste and Maximilian) and three surviving sisters (Joséphine, Eugénie, and Amélie). (Swedish) 276, Robert Braun (1950). The elder, Prince August, held the title of Duke of Leuchtenberg from Eugène's death in 1824 until his own passing eleven years later. During the European Revolutions of 1848, riots broke out in Stockholm 19 March 1848, called Marsoroligheterna, and continued for four days. She spent her first seven years in Italy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In this list, a Princess of Denmark was the first alternative; a Princess of Leuchtenberg was the second; a Princess of Hesse was the third and a Princess of Weimar was the fourth. Gunnel Becker & Kjell Blückert, red (2007). However, Oscar was known for his extramarital affairs, a fact that deeply tormented Josephine, who suffered from jealousy. After a few years though, the relationship between the two women improved. Princess Joséphine of Leuchtenberg was born on March 14, 1807, in Milan, then in the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, now it Italy. Mathilda d'Orozco described this view in a contemporary letter where she defended the queen against it: "She is pushing the King, it is said, the poor thing, to make him greet people, when they are out. Joséphine could speak French, German and Italian and studied history and geography with Professor Le Sage; botany and natural science with Professor Martinus; mathematics, physics and astronomy with Professor Siebers. No, she died on 06/07/1876, 144 years ago. Prințesa Joséphine s-a căsătorit prin procură cu Oscar I la Palatul Leuchtenberg din München la 22 mai 1823 și în persoană la 19 iunie la Stockholm. She gave him her appreciation for the advisers he had chosen, but this also meant the end of her political activity. Oscar had been given the task of temporary Viceroy during his visit, and Josephine was present at a box when he appeared before the Storting. [16] Josephine and Oscar, however, continued to appear together in public, and her dignified behavior placed the sympathies on her side. Josephine is thought to have been the instigator of the laws providing equal inheritance for men and women in 1845, reforms in the prisons and social care, and the abolition of the guilds in 1846. Foreign policy can be seen to have been affected by her sympathies and views. She was the first of six children of Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (1781 - 1824), and his wife, Princess Augusta of Bavaria (1788 - 1851). (Swedish) page 221, Robert Braun (1950). A Catholic wedding ceremony took place on 22 May 1823 in Munich at the Palais Leuchtenberg, and a Lutheran ceremony was arranged two months later in Stockholm. Her father was Eugène de Beauharnais, the son of Empress Joséphine (Napoleon Bonaparte‘s first wife) from her first marriage to Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais, who had been guillotined during the French Revolution.. Josephine reportedly asked Oscar not to fire at the crowds during the riots. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); This article was written by Sophie Strid. The illness of the monarch made it necessary for a regency, and crown prince Charles was seen as the obvious choice.
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